Latin America is both a source of, and a sink for, carbon emissions. Overall, the number of climate change related initiatives across Latin America is increasing. However, finance is concentrated in a small number of countries, and in general financing for adaptation remains limited.

The countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) are highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, but share some responsibility for the global accumulation of greenhouse gas emissions, as their emissions are very high when considered on a per capita basis. Interest in renewable energy development in the region is growing, however, and countries such as the UAE and Morocco seek to position themselves as global leaders in clean technology.