Name of Fund

Forest Investment Program

Date created

Date fund proposed: February 2008 as part of the Climate Investment Funds (CIFs).

On May 30, 2008, in Potsdam, Germany, the MDBs, developed and developing countries and other development partners reached an agreement on the design and establishment of the SCF.

Date fund made operational: Approved by Executive Directors of the World Bank on July 1, 2008, with a donors pledge meeting on September 26, 2008.

The FIP was made operational in July, 2009. 

Administrating organisation

The World Bank

Objectives

The Forest Investment Program (FIP) is part of the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF) which is to provide financing to pilot new development approaches or to scale-up activities aimed at a specific climate change challenge or sectoral responses through targeted programs.

The main purpose of the FIP is to support developing countries’ REDD-efforts, providing up-front bridge financing for readiness reforms and investments identified through national REDD readiness strategy building efforts, while taking into account opportunities to help them adapt to the impacts of climate change on forests and to contribute to multiple benefits such as biodiversity conservation and rural livelihoods enhancements. The FIP will finance efforts to address the underlying causes of deforestation and forest degradation and to overcome barriers that have hindered past efforts to do so.

1. To initiate and facilitate steps towards transformational change in developing countries forest related policies and practices, through:
1. serving as a vehicle to finance investments and related capacity building necessary for the implementation of policies and measures that emerge from inclusive multi-stakeholder REDD planning processes at the national level;
2. strengthening cross-sectoral ownership to scale up implementation of REDD strategies at the national and local levels;
3. addressing key direct and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation; 
4. supporting change of a nature and scope necessary to help significantly shift national forest and land use development paths;
5. linking the sustainable management of forests and low carbon development;
6. facilitating scaled-up private investment in alternative livelihoods for forest dependent communities that over time generate their own value;
7. reinforcing ongoing efforts towards conservation and sustainable use of forests; and
8. improving forest law enforcement and governance, including forest laws and policy, land tenure administration, monitoring and verification capability, and transparency and accountability.
2. To facilitate the leveraging of additional and sustained financial resources for REDD, through a possible UNFCCC forest mechanism, leading to an effective and sustained reduction of deforestation and forest degradation, thereby enhancing the sustainable management of forests.
3. To pilot replicable models to generate understanding and learning of the links between the implementation of forest-related investments, policies and measures and long-term emission reductions and conservation, sustainable management of forests and the enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries. By committing to apply a priori and ex post impact assessment of programs and projects, the FIP will ensure that the outcomes and effectiveness of FIP-supported interventions in reducing deforestation and forest degradation can be measured; and
4. To provide valuable experience and feedback in the context of the UNFCCC deliberations on REDD. 

Donor contributions

Activities supported

1. Institutional capacity, forest governance and information such as: implementation of systems for forest monitoring, information management and inventory; support for legal, financial and institutional development including forest law enforcement, cadastral mapping and land tenure reform; removal of perverse incentives favoring deforestation and degradation; cross-sectoral and landscape based planning exercises; transfer of environmentally sound technology; and building capacities of indigenous peoples and local communities.
2. Investments in forest mitigation measures, including forest ecosystem services such as: forest conservation; promotion of payments for environmental services and other equitable benefit-sharing arrangements; restoration and sustainable management of degraded forests and landscapes; afforestation and reforestation on previously deforested land; restructuring of forest industries and promotion of company-community partnerships; forest protection measures; improved land management practices; and promotion of forest and chain of custody certification.
3. Investments outside the forest sector necessary to reduce the pressure on forests such as: rural development and social and economic infrastructure programs; alternative energy programs; alternative livelihood and poverty reduction opportunities; agricultural investments in the context of rationalized land-use planning; and agricultural intensification including agro-forestry.

Conditions and eligibility requirements

• Official Development Assistance (ODA)-eligibility (according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/Development Assistance Committee (OECD/DAC) guidelines);
• An active MDB country program. For this purpose, an "active” program means a MDB has a lending program and/or on-going policy dialogue with the country.

• Program potential to contribute to FIP objectives described above under “Section II. Objectives and Purpose of FIP”, and adherence to the principles described under “Section III. FIP Principles”;
• Country preparedness and ability – institutional and otherwise – to undertake REDD initiatives, taking into account government efforts to date and government willingness to move to a strategic approach to REDD and to integrate the role of forests into development. The selection of pilot programs would also be made on the basis of a REDD investment note, demonstrating that a REDD strategy and investment portfolio is at an advanced stage of development;
• Country distribution across regions and biomes, ensuring that pilot programs generate lessons on how to go to scale with respect to immediate action to curb high rates of deforestation, maintenance of existing carbon stocks within pristine forests, enhancement of carbon stocks on degraded forest lands and building effective capacities for sustainable forest management.

1. National ownership and national strategies
2. Contribution to sustainable development
3. Promotion of measurable outcomes and results-based support
4. Coordination with other REDD efforts
5. Cooperation with other actors and processes
6. Early, integrated and consistent learning efforts

Funds disbursed to date

The total amount approved is USD 61.96 million and the total amount disbursed is USD 11 million in administrative costs, and USD 3 million as investment plan and project preparation grants, as of January 2012. 178.4 million has been endorsed in investment plans, but only USD 42.24 million has so far been approved.

Uptake and projects supported

1. FIP-SC to agree upon number of country or regional pilots and criteria for country selection.
2. CIF Administrative Unit, through Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), to inform countries of program and invite expression of interest.
3. Expert Group to recommend a short-list of country or regional pilots, applying approved selection criteria.
4. Selection of country or regional pilots by FIP Sub-Committee.
5. Selected countries invited to confirm interest to participate (and identify a focal point and establish their national-level multi-stakeholder steering committee).

1. Country-led joint MDBs mission to assist the development of Investment Strategy.
2. Endorsement of Investment Strategy by FIP Sub-Committee for further development of programs and projects concepts identified in the Investment Strategy.
3. Preparation of FIP investment programs and projects.
4. Decision(s) on FIP financing for programs and projects by FIP Sub-Committee.
5. Further processing of projects in accordance with MDB procedures, including final approval. 

In June 2010, the FIP Sub-Committee approved the FIP Investment Criteria and Financing Modalities as well as the FIP Operational Guidelines. With the approval of these two documents, the programming at the country level is underway.

The development of a Dedicated Grant Mechanism for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities has been completed (see 'Other information', below). 

Joint Missions have been scheduled for all participants, and as of May 2011, reports from 2 such missions, to Burkina Faso and DRC, were available on the FIP website http://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/FIP_Joint_Missions

Proposed life of fund

The fund is an interim measure for the MDBs to fill an immediate financing gap and therefore includes a specific sunset clause linked to the agreement on the future of the climate change regime. Pending final agreement on the future of the climate change regime, the SCF (and its related programs) will provide financing to pilot new approaches with potential for scaled-up, transformational action aimed at a specific climate change challenge or sectoral response.

Further information

All FIP financial information can be found in the Trustee Reports.

Report on "International Practices in Small Grant Programs for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities" commissioned by FIP http://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/sites/climateinvestmentfunds.org/files/Report%20on%20Granting%20Programs%20October%202010.pdf

Decision-making structure for fund disbursement

FIP SUB-COMMITTEE

Consistent with the SCF Governance Framework, the SCF Trust Fund Committee established a Sub-Committee for the FIP to oversee the operations and activities of the Pilot Program. The FIP Sub-Committee is the decision-making body responsible for overseeing and deciding on the operations and activities of the FIP.

Composition of the FIP Sub-Committee

1. Up to six representatives from contributor countries to the FIP.  Current contributor country members as of August 2010: Australia, Denmark, Japan, Norway, United Kingdom, United States.
2. Six  representatives from eligible recipient countries to the FIP were selected on a regional basis and through a consultation process among recipient countries. Current recipient country members as of August 2010: Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Indonesia, Mexico, Nepal, Yemen.

FIP Sub-Committee decision-making is by consensus. Members of the FIP Sub-Committee serve for one year terms, and may be reappointed.

All pilot countries under the program, members of the MDB Committee and the Trustee may attend the FIP-SC as active observers.

Active observers for the FIP Sub-Committee include:

a)  representatives of the FCPF secretariat, the Global Environment Facility, UNFCCC and the UN-REDD technical secretariat; and

b)  the following representatives to be identified through an open and inclusive self-selection process:

·         4 civil society representatives;

·       2 indigenous peoples representatives; and

·       4 private sector representatives.

Members of the FIP Sub-Committee and Observers can be found here.

Functions of the FIP-Sub-Committee

The FIP-SC will be responsible for:

·         agreeing upon the number of country or regional pilot programs;

·         approving the terms of reference for, and the composition of, the expert group;

·         appointing the members of the expert group;

·         approving elaborated criteria for selection of country or regional pilots and guidance to be followed by the expert group;

·         selecting pilot countries taking into consideration recommendations of the expert group;

·         approving elaborated programming priorities and operational criteria;

·         approving financing terms and modalities for the FIP, including those for private sector activities;

·         endorsing further development of activities in investment strategies for FIP financing;

·         approving FIP financing for programs and projects;

·         ensuring complementarity between activities foreseen for the FIP and activities of developing countries, relevant regional organizations and initiatives and other development partners active in the field of climate change and forests;

·         ensuring that the FIP program builds in provisions for evaluating the performance and effectiveness of FIP investments and for developing full reporting criteria and a performance measurement framework;

·         periodically reviewing and publishing the effectiveness and impact of FIP programs and activities, and ensuring that “lessons learned” are applied to future FIP investments; and

·         exercising such other functions as they may deem appropriate to fulfill the purposes of the FIP.

EXPERT GROUP

An Expert Group has been established by the FIP-SC to make recommendations on selection of pilot programs for the FIP. 

The Expert Group includes eight individuals, acting in their personal capacities, chosen on the basis of their expertise, strategic and operational experience and diversity of perspectives, including knowledge of scientific, economic, environmental and social aspects of conservation and sustainable use of forest ecosystems and climate change, governance and institutional and development planning. The Expert Group members have been selected in accordance with criteria approved by the FIP-SC, taking into account professional qualifications of the experts.

A list of the members of the FIP Sub-Committee's Expert Group as of August 2010 can be found in Annex 1 of this document

Consultations with non-government stakeholders

In designing the Climate Investment Funds, consultations took place with potential donors and recipients, the United Nations family, other multilateral development banks (MDBs), civil society organizations, and the private sector. At a final design meeting, held in Potsdam, Germany, on May 21-22, 2008, representatives from some 40 developing and industrialized countries agreed to create the CIF.

This Forest Investment Program (FIP) “will be developed based on a broad and transparent consultative process. That process will take into account country led priority strategies for the containment of deforestation and degradation and build upon complementarities between existing forest initiatives (FIP Issue Note, page 2).”

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES DEDICATED INITIATIVE

The effective and continuous participation of indigenous peoples (IPs) and local communities in FIP pilot programs is crucial to the success of those programs, and will be highly dependent on increasing the capacity of these groups to become informed and active players in national REDD processes in general and FIP processes in particular. This need should be addressed by directly making indigenous peoples and local communities able to access specific grants for that purpose. The operation, funding modalities and governance of such a mechanism will be developed through a process involving appropriate stakeholders. A more detailed proposal will be presented to the final design meeting.

Regional consultative meetings amongst indigenous peoples and local communities

The FIP Sub-Committee agreed that the regional consultative meetings amongst indigenous peoples and local communities should take place in a FIP pilot country in each region. Meetings were held in Ghana, Lao PDR, Peru and Australia between November 2010 and April 2011. Further details, including presentations made at these workshops, can be found on the FIP website here http://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/node/1956

How fund disbursement is reported

Pledges, deposits and funding decisions for SCF and its subsidiary funds (PPCR, SREP and FIP) are reported to the Sub Committee in twice-yearly trustee reports.

Based on the monitoring results of the MDBs, the FIP-SC will report regularly to the SCF Trust Fund Committee, and an independent joint evaluation of the operations of the FIP and its activities will be carried out after three years of operations by the independent evaluation departments of the MDBs. Results achieved through the FIP should be published and made publicly available. Full reporting criteria, including results measurement at the programmatic, country and institutional levels, will be proposed by the FIP-SC and approved by the Trust Fund Committee of the SCF. The key performance criteria should pertain to emissions reductions achieved or emissions avoided.

Disclosure policy
In May 2009, the Trust Fund Committees approved a disclosure policy that calls for country-owned investment plans and strategies developed under each of the Trust Funds to be disclosed in-country prior to their submission to a CIF Committee for approval. Proposed plans are also posted on the CIF website no later than 3 weeks prior to review of the proposal by a Committee.  In the case of proposed programs and projects, an information document describing the proposal is to be made public at least two weeks prior to a decision on the funding of the proposal.  The policy recognizes that a country or a project proposer may have justifiable reasons for not publicly disclosing all information in an investment plan or project. In this case, certain information may be kept confidential. This is to be done only on an exceptional basis, and non-disclosure of information is to be justified to the Committee.

Issues raised by the public

See: Celine Tan, Third World Network, ‘World Bank’s Climate Funds Will Undermine Global Climate Action’ 10 April 2008: www.twnside.org.sg/title2/finance/docs/Climate.Funds-Commentary.Revised.doc